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Year One
Semester One Semester Two
*BIO 111 *BIO 121
Year Two
Semester One Semester Two
*BIO 211 *BIO 221
*BIO 212 *BIO 222
*BIO 214 *BIO 223
Year Three
Semester One Semester Two
*BIO 311 *BIO 321
BIO 312 *BIO 322
*BIO 313 *BIO 323
*BIO 314 *BIO 324
*BIO 315 *BIO 326
*BIO 318 Elective (one course
now, or in year four)
Year Four
Semester One Semester Two
*BIO 410 *BIO 410
BIO 411 *BIO 421
BIO 412 BIO 422
BIO 413 *BIO 423
BIO 414 BIO 424
BIO 416
*BIO 417
*BIO 418
Elective (one course
now, or in year three)
*Required core Credits
= 94 credits + Elective
NON-BIOLOGY CREDITS
Year One
Semester One Semester Two
*CHM 111 *CHM 122
*MST 111 *CHM 123
*MTH 111 *ENG 123
*ENG 115 *MTH 122
Year Two
Semester One Semester Two
*CHM 211 *CHM 221
*CHM 212
*Required Non-Biology Core Credit = 35
Biology Major
Optional Courses (Electives)
AST 111: Introduction to the indigenous peoples of Guyana 3 Credits
ENV 111: Introduction to Environmental Education 4 Credits
CSI 111: Introduction to Micro-computers 4 Credits
GEO 212: Tropical Environmental Systems 4 Credits
ENV 211: Environment and Development 4 Credits
MNG 110: Principles of Management 4 Credits
CST 126: Ecotourism 4 Credits
ENV 411: EIA 4 Credits
CSI 121: Software Application on Micro-computer 4 Credits
GEO 318: Principles of GIS/Remote Sensing 3 Credits
ENV 323: Aquatic Science 4 Credits
ENV 311: Environmental Chemistry 4 Credits
CHM 313: Food Chemistry 1 4 Credits
ECN 110: Introduction to Micro-economics 3 Credits
CHM 311: Inorganic Chemistry 11 4 Credits
CHM 312: Organic Chemistry 11 4 Credits
ECN 120: Introduction to Macro-economics 3 Credits
Programme Schedule -Core Courses
Year One
Semester One
BIO 111: Introductory Biology 1 4 Credits
CHM 111: Introductory Chemistry 4 Credits
MTH 111: Algebra 2 Credits
ENG 115: Introduction to the Use of English 4 Credits
MST 111: Basic Statistics 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 121: Introductory Biology 11 4 Credits
CHM 122: Introduction to Physical Chemistry 4 Credits
CHM 123: Introduction to Organic and Inorganic Chemistry 4 Credits
MTH 122: Calculus 1
ENG 123: Scientific and Technical Writing 4 Credits
Year Two
Semester One
BIO 211: Survey of the Plant World 1 - The Cryptograms 4 Credits
BIO 212: Survey of the Animal World - The Invertebrates 4 Credits
BIO 214: Biochemistry 1 - Introduction to Biochemistry 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 221: Survey of the Plant World 11 - Phanerogamic Botany 4 Credits
BIO 222: Survey of the Animal World 11 - The Vertebrates 4 Credits
BIO 223: Fundamentals of Ecology 4 Credits
Year Three
Semester One
BIO 311: Systematics 4 Credits
BIO 313: Plant Physiology 4 Credits
BIO 314: Biochemistry 11 - Intermediary Metabolism 4 Credits
BIO 315: Vertebrate Zoology 1 - Ornithology and Herpetology 4 Credits
BIO 318: Natural Resources, Population and Conservation 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 321: Animal Physiology 4 Credits
BIO 322: Economic Botany 4 Credits
BIO 323: Vertebrate Zoology 11 - Ichthyology and Mammalogy 4 Credits
BIO 324: Parasitology 4 Credits
BIO 326: Mycology 4 Credits
Year Four
Semester One
BIO 410: Research Project
BIO 417: Entomology 4 Credits
BIO 418: Plant Ecology 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 410: Research Project 6 Credits
BIO 421: Microbiology 4 Credits
BIO 423: Biotechnology and Molecular Biology 4 Credits
Programme Schedule - Botany Option
Year One
Semester One
Core Courses
Semester Two
Core Courses
Year Two
Semester One
Core Courses
Semester Two
Core Courses
Year Three
Semester One
BIO 311: Systematics 4 Credits
BIO 313: Plant Physiology 4 Credits
BIO 314: Biochemistry 11 - General Intermediary Metabolism 4 Credits
BIO 316: Phycology 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 322: Economic Botany 4 Credits
BIO 323: Vertebrate Zoology 11 4 Credits
BIO 324: Parasitology 4 Credits
Year Four
Semester One
BIO 410: Research Project
BIO 414: Introductory Fisheries Biology and Management 4 Credits
BIO 416: Biometry and Biostatistics 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 410: Research Project 6 Credits
BIO 422: Coastal Zone Management 4 Credits
BIO 425: 4 Credits
Programme Schedule - Zoology Option
Year One
Semester One
Core Courses
Semester Two
Core Courses
Year Two
Semester One
Core Courses
Semester Two
Core Courses
Year Three
Semester One
BIO 311: Systematics 4 Credits
BIO 313: Plant Physiology 4 Credits
BIO 315: Vertebrate Zoology 4 Credits
BIO 317: 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 321: Animal Physiology 4 Credits
BIO 325: 4 Credits
BIO 326: Mycology 4 Credits
Year Four
Semester One
BIO 410: Research Project
BIO 411: 4 Credits
BIO 414: Introductory Fisheries Biology and Management 4 Credits
BIO 417: Entomology 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 410: Research Project 6 Credits
BIO 424: 4 Credits
BIO 425: 4 Credits
Programme Schedule - Genetics Option
Year One
Semester One
Core Courses
Semester Two
Core Courses
Year Two
Semester One
Core Courses
Semester Two
Core Courses
Year Three
Semester One
BIO 311: Systematics 4 Credits
BIO 315: Plant Physiology 4 Credits
AGR 310: 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 322: Economic Botany 4 Credits
Year Four
Semester One
BIO 410: Research Project
BIO 414: Introductory Fisheries Biology and Management 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 410: Research Project 6 Credits
BIO 416: Biometry and Biostatistics 4 Credits
BIO 421: Microbiology and Bacteriology 4 Credits
Programme Schedule - Coastal Resources Management and Conservation
Year One
Semester One
Core Courses
Semester Two
Core Courses
Year Two
Semester One
Core Courses
Semester Two
Core Courses
Year Three
Semester One
BIO 311: Systematics 4 Credits
BIO 313: Plant Physiology 4 Credits
BIO 314: Biochemistry 11 - General Intermediary Metabolism 4 Credits
BIO 316: Phycology 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 322: Economic Botany 4 Credits
Year Four
Semester One
BIO 410: Research Project
BIO 412: Plant Pathology 4 Credits
BIO 413: Coastal Ecology 4 Credits
BIO 414: Introductory Fisheries Biology and Management 4 Credits
BIO 417: Entomology 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 410: Research Project 6 Credits
BIO 423: Biochemistry 111 - Biotechnology and Molecular Biology
4 Credits
Programme Schedule - Agricultural Biology
Year One
Semester One Semester Two
Core Courses Core Courses
Year Two
Semester One Semester Two
Core Courses Core Courses
Year Three
Semester One
BIO 311: Systematics 4 Credits
BIO 313: Plant Physiology 4 Credits
BIO 310: 4 Credits
AGR 311: 4 Credits
AGR 313: 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 320: 4 Credits
BIO 321: Animal Physiology 4 Credits
BIO 322: Economic Botany 4 Credits
BIO 323: Vertebrate Zoology 11 - 4 Credits
Year Four
Semester One
BIO 410: Research Project
BIO 414: Introductory Fisheries Biology and Management 4 Credits
AGR 312: 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 410: Research Project 6 Credits
AGR: 422: 4 Credits
AGR 423: 4 Credits
Programme Schedule - Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology
This option will not be offered immediately. It will be developed
further and offered at a later date.
Other courses are to be added to complete the course offerings
for his course.
Year One
Semester One Semester Two
Core Courses Core Courses
Year Two
Semester One Semester Two
Core Courses Core Courses
Year Three
Semester One
BIO 311: Systematics 4 Credits
BIO 313: Plant physiology 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 322: Economic Botany 4 Credits
Year Four
Semester One
BIO 410: Research project
BIO 414: Introductory Fisheries Biology and Management 4 Credits
Semester Two
BIO 410: Research Project 6 Credits
COURSE OUTLINES FOR THE BSc BIOLOGY
SEMESTER PROGRAMME
(*Denotes a compulsory core course)
*BIO 111: Introductory Biology 1 4 Credits
Cell structure and function. Animal tissue structure and function.
Reproduction and development in animals. Basic introduction to
genetics and evolution.
*BIO 121: Introductory Biology 11 (3-0-3) 4 Credits
Plant tissue structure and function. Reproduction and development
in plants. Basic introduction to systematics and ecology.
*BIO 211: Survey of the Plant World 1 - The Cryptograms (3-0-3)
4 Credits
Introduction to the evolution, classification and life history
of the crytograms - algae, bacteria, fungi, lichens, bryophytes
and pteridophytes. Economic botany of the cryptograms.
*BIO 212: Survey of the Animal World - The Invertebrates (3-0-3)
4 Credits
A survey of the invertebrates with particular emphasis on structure
and function, reproduction, evolution, ecology and economic importance.
*BIO 214: Biochemistry 1 - Introduction to Biochemistry 4 Credits
Corequisite: CHM 211 Organic Chemistry 1
The Chemistry and biological properties of carbohydrates, amino
acids, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and vitamins. Laboratory
exercises deal with experiments on amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins and nucleic acids.
*BIO 219: Genetics and Evolution (3-0-3) 4 Credits
A course covering the basic concepts in genetics and evolution
introduced in the first year. Mendelian genetics, inheritance and
quantitative traits, gene structure and expression.
Mutations, linkages and recombination. Population genetics. Genetics
in plant and animal breeding. Natural selection, isolation, mechanisms,
speciation and species diversity. Evolutionary theories and evidence
of evolution.
*BIO 221: Survey of the Plant World 11 - The Phanerogam (3-0-3)
4 Credits
Introduction to the structure, evolution, classification and life
history of the phanerogam. Economic botany of the phanerogams.
*BIO 222: Survey of the Animal World 11 - The Vertebrates 4 Credits
A survey of the vertebrates with particular emphasis on structure
and function, reproduction, evolution, ecology and economic importance.
*BIO 223: Fundamentals of Ecology 4 Credits
Basic ecological principles and concepts. The ecosystem concept
and biogeochemical cycles, limiting factors, energy in ecosystems,
population and community ecology. An introduction to basic ecological
methods and analysis. Applications of basic ecological principles
in human activities are addressed.
*BIO 311: Systematics 4 Credits
Survey of methods used in plant and animal classification, including
biochemical systematics and numerical taxonomy. Construction and
use of keys. Herbarium and museum techniques and functions. Practical
work will include at least two field trips and students will be
encouraged to contribute specimens collected to the University’s
Herbarium and Museum.
BIO 312: Plant anatomy and morphology 4 Credits
A study of the primary and secondary tissue systems of the spermatophyte
leaf, stem, root and selected reproductive structures - seed and
inflorescence. Elementary plant embryology, reproductive morphology.
Aspects of developmental anatomy including organogenesis and the
differentiation of tissues. The role of plant hormones in tissue
differentiation. Ecological anatomy emphasizing adaptations and
strategies employed by plants to mitigate various types of stresses.
An evolutionary treatment of spermatophyte morphology. Morphological
principles employed in plant classification. Morphological attributes
of various plant groups.
BIO 313: Plant Physiology 4 Credits
Survey of plant structure function relationships. Absorption, translocation
and elimination of substances. Phloem transport. Nutrition, photosynthesis
and respiration. Growth and development - correlations of growth,
effect of the environment, movement and circadian rhythms. Hormones
and plant growth regulators. Stress physiology and principles of
ecophysiology.
BIO 314: Biochemistry 11 General Intermediary Metabolism 4 Credits
Pre-requisite: BIO 214
The properties of enzymes. Bioenergetics. The metabolism of carbohydrates,
lipids and amino acids. The regulation of bioenergetic reactions.
Experiments related to material covered in lectures and course corequisite.
BIO 315: Vertebrate Zoology 1 4 Credits
Ornithology: An introductory course in biology of birds. Brief
overview of avian taxonomy, avian behaviour, avian ecology and some
aspects of the physiology of birds. The role of birds in reproductive
ecology of plants.
Herpetology: An introductory course in the biology of reptiles
and amphibians with emphasis on South American species. A general
survey of amphibians and reptiles including aspects of morphology,
zoogeography and taxonomy. Emphasis on the Guianas and the Caribbean
reptilian and amphibian behaviour. Outlines of ecophysiology.
BIO 316: Phycology 4 Credits
A study of the morphology, taxonomy, reproduction and life history
of algae. Ecological factors affecting algal distribution. Algal
physiology - algal photosynthesis. Cyano-bacterial symbiosis. Micro-algal
technology. Algae insewage treatment, aquaculture and industry.
Economic uses and importance of algae.
BIO 318: Resources, Population Growth and Conservation
This course seeks to characterize major global resources and discusses
human population growth and the concepts of sustainable development
and sustainable living in the context of global resources. Specific
topics will include earth surface processes, geological time, origins
and characteristics of living resources, habitats, communities and
ecosystems. Human origins and human population growth. Anthropogenic
impacts on global resources, population growth and movement in the
Caribbean. Different conservation strategies will be examined and
their relevance to Guyana and the Caribbean addressed. Trends in
environmental degradation and biodiversity depletion are discussed.
BIO 321: Animal Physiology 4 Credits
Osmoregulation and ionic balance. Nutrition, excretion, circulation
and respiration. Muscle function - physiology and locomotion. Thermoregulation,
coordination of body functions - nervous and endocrine systems.
Reproductive physiology.
BIO 322: Economic Botany 4 Credits
A study of the uses of plants and plant products by man. Economic
importance of various plants and plant products in the Caribbean
especially those with agrarian economies. Plants to be discussed
include rice, sugar cane, sorghum, wheat, pigeon pea, vegetables,
oil seeds, fruits, condiments, medicinal and poisonous plants, timber
trees and ornamentals. Overview of ethnobotany and aspects of plant
biodiversity and sustainable ecological development.
BIO 323: Vertebrate Zoology 11 4 Credits
Mammalogy
An overview of the structural features of mammals. The evolution
and classification of mammals. Behaviour, zoogeography and physiology
adaptations to environmental extremes. Mammalian reproductive strategies.
Aspects of economic mammalogy.
Ichthyology:
A study of the biology of fishes including aspects of evolution,
taxonomy, ecology, behaviour, physiology and reproduction.
BIO 321: Animal Physiology 4 Credits
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